lol - you have NFC.
narrowbands are still used to this day. The are extremely accurate at stoich. the late 1.3 systems use the same 4 wire narrowbands that BMW used for the E36. Even the S54 uses narrowbands.
that article describes the short term trim. the long term trim is based on the short term trim - if the short term trim gets too large, the ECU will start to adjust the long term until the short term trim gets closer to zero.
narrowbands are still used to this day. The are extremely accurate at stoich. the late 1.3 systems use the same 4 wire narrowbands that BMW used for the E36. Even the S54 uses narrowbands.
that article describes the short term trim. the long term trim is based on the short term trim - if the short term trim gets too large, the ECU will start to adjust the long term until the short term trim gets closer to zero.
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